The entire lifestyle of Akbar the Great. And his history has been described in detail. Who has been described as the great Mughal emperor of history. Know all the important information related to Akbar.
1 akbar emperor original biography
The original biography of akbar emperor is given here.
The literal meaning of Akbar is “Great” and “Allah-o-Akbar” which can have two basic meanings. The full name of the third Mughal Emperor, Akbar was “Abu al-Fatah Jalal-uddin Mohammed Akbar”. His name in childhood was Badruddin.
He is also known by the names Akbar-e-Azam, Akbar the Great, Mahabali Shahenshah, Shahenshah Akbar etc. He was born on the full moon day, October 15, 1542 AD, at a place called Umarkot, which is currently located in Pakistan’s Sindh province. The height of Jalal-uddin Mohammed ( Akbar ) was 5′ 7″ to 5′ 8″.
1.1 Marriage, Family
It mentions the marriage of Jalal-ud-din Muhammad (akbar emperor)and his family.
akbar emperor grandfather was the founder of the Mughal Empire, Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, his father was Nasiruddin Humayun and his mother was Hamida Bano. His paternal side was related to the descendants of Timur Lang. His maternal side was related to the descendants of Genghis Khan. His half brother’s name was Mirza Hakim ( Mirza Muhammad Hakim ). Whose capital was Kabul.
However, due to being widowed at a young age, Jalal-ud-din Mohammad decided to marry his own mother. And she also became his most favourite Begum. And while loving her a lot, he gave her the title of Khadija.
akbar emperor had a total of 300 (36) wives. The rest included other dancers, sex slaves, concubines etc. An army of eunuchs was also deployed to keep an eye on those women in the Mughal harem. No one other than Jalal-ud-din Mohammad was allowed to enter the harem. In which the first wife was Princess “Rukaiya Sultan Begum”, daughter of Hindal. She was also his cousin. The second wife was “Bibi Khiera”, whose father was Abdullah Khan Mughal. The third wife was “Salima Sultan Begum”, who was the daughter of Noor-ud-Din-Muhammad Mirza.
Names of some wives are as follows. Which include Ayesha Sultan Begum, Bibi Mubarika, Maham Begum, Jenal Sultan Begum, Massumeh Sultan Begum, Dildar Begum, Gulrukh Begum, Gulnar Aga Begum, Raikh Begum, etc. Which is more than 300 names including other wives.
2 bravery, intelligence
Here the bravery and intelligence of Jalal-ud-din Muhammad ( akbar emperor ) is described.
akbar emperor was a very courageous, brave, kind, capable military leader and idealist. His court was very luxurious. His rule lasted for 49 years and 9 months. He is considered the greatest emperor among the Mughal emperors. There are many achievements behind his greatness. To maintain unity in his empire, he adopted the policy of religious tolerance. Which includes stories of his bravery, central, provincial administrative system. Which also includes the record of his invincible military campaigns. Whose empire was spread almost all over India. Except for a small state Mewar.
Which includes Gujarat (1584), Kabul (1584), Kashmir (1586–87), Sindh (1591), Bengal (1592), and Kandahar (1595) etc. Under which the Mughal rule was strengthened in the Indian subcontinent. In which non-Muslims, Hindu Rajputs etc. contributed in expanding the empire. Jalal-ud-din Mohammed, however, married into the families of many Hindu kings. However, he himself was not considered a warrior. He was punished by Hindus even for using foul language.
According to one estimate, akbar emperor army had 25,000 soldiers.
3 coronation, throne, court
Information about coronation, throne, court of Jalal-ud-din Mohammed is given here.
The nine gems ( navratna ) of the court of Jalal-ud-din Mohammed ( akbar emperor ) are as follows.
Birbal Whose childhood name was Mahesh Das. That is, he had the title of Kavi Raj. He was the only Hindu to adopt Deen-e-Ilahi religion.
Abul Fazal Who was a scholar of history, philosophy and literature. Who composed Akbarnama and Ain-e-Akbari.
Tansen Whose original name was Ramtanu Pandey. Who was the Kanthabharan, Vanivilas, musician of akbar emperor court. Whose guru was Haridas ji. Whose tomb is located in Gwalior.
Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Khana Who was the son of Bairam Khan. That is, he was a poet and litterateur. Who was given the title of Khan-e-Khana on the victory of Gujarat.
Man Singh He was the grandson of Raja Bharmal and son of Bhagwan Das. He was a brave commander.
Raja Todarmal He worked as a Diwan in akbar emperor court. Land reformer, Dahsal, settlement etc.
Raja Faizi Who was the elder brother of Abul Fazal. Who was the court poet and education minister of akbar emperor from 1547 AD to 1595 AD. He translated many books into Persian.
Hakim Hukam akbar emperor trusted friend and kitchen manager.
Mulla Do Piazza He was from Arabia and was intelligent and logical. He was the home minister.
Bairam Khan was the guardian ( defense minister ) of Jalal-ud-din Mohammed from 1556 AD to 1560 AD. Famous painters were Abdur Samad, Daswant and Basawan etc. The main singers of akbar emperor reign were Tansen, Baz Bahadur, Baba Ramdas and Baiju Bawra. Abdul Latif, an Iranian scholar, was Akbar’s teacher.
Jalal-ud-din Mohammed ( akbar emperor ) after the death of his father Nasiruddin Mohammed Humayun. At the age of just 13 years. akbar emperor was crowned on 14 February 1556 AD at a place called Kalanaur, located in Gurdaspur district of Punjab. And in the meantime, Jalal-ud-din Mohammed ( akbar emperor ) took the title and ascended the throne. However, in the meantime, he had actual control over only a few parts of Punjab.
4 war, invasion
All the wars, invasions, victories, expansion of empire etc. that took place during the lifetime of Jalal-ud-din Mohammad ( akbar emperor ) have been described here.
Second Battle of Panipat
The second battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556 AD. In which the battle took place between Afghan king Adil Shah Sur’s commander Hemu and akbar emperor. Hemu had a huge army as compared to Akbar. Which had 1,500 elephants.
Initially Hemu was successful in fighting the Mughal soldiers. But unfortunately an arrow entered Hemu’s eye. And it turned the tide of the war.
Akbar was victorious as a result of the second battle of Panipat. Delhi and Agra came under Akbar’s control. After this battle, the struggle between the Mughals and the Afghans for the throne of Delhi ended. And the Mughals captured Delhi.
Purdah rule, Petticoat rule
During 1560 AD to 1560 AD. akbar emperor rule was dominated by his harem party. The women and nurse Maham Anga and Maham Anga’s son Adham Khan had great influence. This rule of 4 years is known as Parda rule. In the war of Malwa in 1561 AD,
Adham Khan kept most of the looted wealth with himself. Due to which, when akbar emperor came to know about it, Adham Khan was given death penalty in 1562 AD. Maham Anga also died due to the shock of her son’s death. After this, by 1564, Parda rule came to an end completely.
Empire expansion
From the campaign against Malwa to the fall of Asirgarh. During four decades (40 years), Akbar’s role was that of a great conqueror and empire builder.
Conquest of Malwa (1561)
Malwa is located in the Punjab state of India. Where akbar emperor first defeated the ruler of Malwa, Baz Bahadur in 1561–62. Malwa was annexed to the Mughal Empire. This campaign was run by Adham Khan. Adham Khan Akbar’s
Conquest of Chunar Fort (1562)
The fort of Chunar was ruled by the Afghans. Under the leadership of Mughal commander Abdullah Khan. akbar emperor also captured the fort of Chunar.
Conquest of Godwana (1564)
In 1564, akbar emperor conducted the Godwana campaign. And near the capital of this place, Choragarh. In a battle, he defeated Rani Durgavati. And the Mughals captured this place.
Rajputana Vijay
For expansion of empire in Rajasthan, the policy adopted by akbar emperor was characterized by:
1 To take under his control the Rajput kings who willingly accepted subordination, i.e. those who wanted marriage relations. And return their kingdom to them. And give them high position in Mughal army.
2 To defeat the kings who were involved in hostile behavior. And to merge their kingdom in Mughal empire.
Amer Vijay (1562)
Amer ruler Bharmal was the first Rajput king who willingly accepted akbar emperor subordination in 1562. And married his daughter Harka Bai/Jodha Bai to Akbar.
Akbar gave high position to Bharmal’s son Bhagwandas and grandson Mansingh.
Mewar Campaign
Among the Rajput states, Mewar did not accept akbar emperor suzerainty. At that time, the ruler of Mewar was Rana Uday Singh. In 1567, Jalal-ud-din Mohammad attacked Chittorgarh and won it. On this occasion, Uday Singh fled to the forests. After the death of Rana Uday Singh in 1572, his son Rana Pratap Singh became the ruler of Mewar. Rana Pratap fought with akbar emperor throughout his life. On 18 June 1576, akbar emperor attacked Maharana Pratap. As a result, the Battle Of Haldighati took place. In this war, the Mughals are considered to be victorious.
After this Haldighati war, the Battle Of Diver was fought in 1582 AD in the Diver region of Rajsamand. However, this war was also fought between akbar emperor and Maharana Pratap. In this war, Maharana Pratap and his son Amar Singh cut down Akbar’s army like carrots and radishes. Due to which Akbar had to face defeat. After this war, Veer Shiromani Maharana Pratap was able to capture the whole of Mewar. And he was successful in driving away the Mughal army (Akbar) from Mewar.
Gujarat Campaign
akbar emperor himself campaigned in Gujarat during 1572–73. And at this time the ruler of Gujarat was Muzaffar Khan III. Akbar conquered it in 1573 and annexed it to the Mughal Empire.
Vijay of Bihar and Bengal
During 1574 – 76, akbar emperor successfully defeated the Afghan chieftains of Bengal in the battle of Tukaroi. And the Mughal Empire was established in this region of Bengal. Hussain Shah who is also called Akbar of Bengal.
Campaign on Western States
After this, akbar emperor campaigned on Western States. And annexed Kabul, Kashmir, Sindh, Balochistan and Kandahar to his Mughal Empire.
South India Campaign
akbar emperor was the first Mughal ruler who campaigned in South India. In 1591, Jalal-ud-din Mohammed first attacked Khandesh. Its ruler, Ali Khan, willingly accepted subordination. After that, in 1599, Akbar attacked Daulatabad and took it under his control. After that, in 1600, Akbar attacked Ahmednagar.
The responsibility of security of Ahmednagar was on Chand Bibi, who was the daughter of Ahmednagar’s ruler Nizam Shah. Jalal-ud-din Mohammed was victorious here too and took it under his control. In 1601, he conquered the fort of Asirgarh. This was akbar emperor last campaign.
5 Death of Akbar
Here is mentioned about the death of Jalal-ud-din Mohammed (akbar emperor)
akbar emperor died on 25 October 1605 AD. He was buried in Sikandra near Agra. Where his artistic mausoleum is built. After Akbar, Salim Jahangir was appointed as the next emperor of the Mughal Empire.
6 Successor
Here is mentioned about the succession of Jalal-ud-din Mohammed (akbar emperor)
After akbar emperor death, the fourth Mughal emperor Salim alias Jahangir was crowned in the city of Agra on 24 November 1605 AD. And in the meantime, Akbar’s successor sat on the throne (of the Mughal Sultanate).
7 Other Features, Also Read, FAQ
Related to Jalal-ud-din Muhammad (akbar emperor). Study important information.
Mughal emperor Akbar was always afraid of Veer Shiromani Maharana Pratap.
It was very important for Jalal al-Din Muhammad to acquire Mewar. Because Mewar is located between the coast of Gujarat and Delhi. Due to which his trade could run. Where Maharana Pratap had authority in Mewar.
akbar emperor Nagar was named in 1972 in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Which defines his greatness and popularity even today.
Akbar’s Tomb is the tomb of the third Mughal emperor Akbar. Which was built by his son Jahangir between “1605 AD to 1613 AD”. Which is located in Sikandra, Uttar Pradesh.
Akbar gave the title of Kali Saraswati to Jain Acharya Vijaysen Suri.
After the victory in Gujarat, Akbar built the Buland Darwaza in 1602 AD.
akbar emperor was also called the great illiterate.
Akbar often played the musical instrument Nagada.
As per Akbar’s wish, Abdul Qadir Badayuni translated the Ramayana into Persian language.
Jaziya, which was abolished by Akbar in 1564, was a form of religious discrimination.
Emperor Akbar had banned the “Jaziya tax” in 1564 AD.
Emperor Akbar had started the Ilahi Samvat (new calendar) in 1583 AD.
The first Rajput king Bharmal had signed the first treaty with Akbar.
akbar emperor made Man Singh a Mansabdar of about 7,000. (A commander of 7,000 horsemen was declared in the Mughal army). After which Akbar gave the title of Farzand (son) to Man Singh.
Conclusion
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