The Great Emperor Babur: Know the biography of the first Mughal Emperor Babur, and study his history. And know about the establishment of the Mughal Empire.
1. Original biography of Babur
Know about the original biography of Zahiruddin Muhammad (Babur)
Babur, who was the first Mughal ruler of India. He used to call India as Hind. He had acquired the crown of Delhi on 27 April 1526 BC. His real name was Zahiruddin Muhammad. His mother tongue is considered to be Chagatai language.
Zahiruddin Muhammad used to run on an elevated slope carrying two people on his shoulders together for exercise.
1.1 Marriage, family
Here is the complete information about the family and marriages of Zahiruddin Muhammad (Babur)
Babur was born on 14 February 1483 AD in a city called Andijan in the Fargana Valley, which is currently located in Uzbekistan. His father was Umar Sheikh Mirza (II), who was the ruler of the Fargana Valley. He was described by Zahiruddin Muhammad as a short, strong person with a fleshy face and a round beard. He was the eldest son of mother Qutlug Nigar Khanum.
Babur was the fourth descendant of Timur from his father’s side and the 14th descendant of Genghis Khan from his mother’s side. Zahiruddin Muhammad took charge of his family at a very young age (11). Zahiruddin Muhammad grandson Akbar Emperor was the. And Babur had a daughter Gulbadan Begum. Khanzada Begum was Babur’s elder sister. That is, she was the princess of Timur and the eldest daughter of Umar Sheikh Mirza (II), the Amir of Fargana. Whose reign lasted from 1478 BC to 1545 BC.
He had a total of 11 marriages. Between 1506 AD to 1508 AD. Zahiruddin Muhammad had a total of four marriages. Out of which he had married Maham Begum in 1506 AD. And she was also his favourite wife. Whose fatwa was described by Babur as a decree. From whom Babur got four sons. Whose eldest son was Humayun. However, only one of them survived in infancy. The second wife was Masuma Sultan Begum. The third wife was Gulrukh Begum, the fourth was Dildar Begum.
His wife Masuma Sultan Begum died during childbirth. Two different years of her death have been mentioned. (either 1508 or 1519).
2. bravery, intelligence
In the information given here, the bravery and intelligence of Zahiruddin Muhammad (Babur) has been shown.
Zahiruddin Muhammad was a brave and military warrior. Apart from being a distinguished soldier, genius, poet, diary writer, he was also a politician. Who first established the Mughal Empire. In some way, Babur has also been described as a great warrior. However, to establish his power, he looted many places. He is also counted among the robbers.
Who first fought wars with cannons in India. Zahiruddin Muhammad army had minimum soldiers. Who had more fighting ability, bravery. Baqi Tashqandi, also known as Mir Baqi, was the commander (Beg) of Mughal emperor Babur.
3. Coronation, throne, court
The information given here is about the coronation, throne, court etc. of Zahiruddin Muhammad (Babur).
After the death of his father Umar Sheikh Mirza on 8 June 1494 AD, Zahiruddin Muhammad became the ruler of Fargana at the age of just 11 years. But his uncles took advantage of this situation and removed him from the throne.
In 1507 AD, Babur assumed the title of “Badshah”. Before this, none of the Timurid rulers had assumed this title.
4. Wars, Invasions
The information given here is about the wars and invasions carried out by Zahiruddin Muhammad (Babur)
4.1 First Battle of Panipat 1526 AD
The First Battle of Panipat was fought on 21 April 1526 AD near Panipat. Panipat is the place where many decisive battles were fought since the 12th century for the control of North India. The First Battle of Panipat laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India. This was one of the first battles in which the Mughals used gunpowder, firearms and cannons. The First Battle of Panipat was fought between Babur and Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty of Delhi. Zahir-uddin Babur defeated Lodi in this battle.
Military force
Zahiruddin Muhammad army had about 15,000 soldiers and 20 to 24 cannons. Ibrahim Lodi’s army had about 80,000 to 100,000 soldiers and at least 1000 elephants.
Babur’s strategy
In the First Battle of Panipat, Zahiruddin Muhammad used the Uzbek war strategy of Tughlama (crescent) and the Usmani method (Rumi method) for decorating the cannons and defeated Ibrahim Lodi. In the war, Babur’s artillery was led by two Turkish officers named Ustad Ali and Mustafa Khan. After winning the First Battle of Panipat, Babur distributed silver coins among the public. Due to which the public gave him the title of Kalandar (generous).
4.2 Battle of Khanwa 1527 AD
In the First Battle of Panipat, Babar had not decided that he would stay in India permanently. As soon as Babar planned to stay in India, Rana Sanga opposed it. After which this battle was fought between Babar and Rana Sanga in 1527 AD in Khanwa near Agra. It is also known as the Battle of Khanwa.
Zahiruddin Muhammad boosted the morale of his soldiers. And abolished the tax called Tamga imposed on the soldiers. However, Babur had to win this war at any cost. In this war, Zahiruddin Muhammad used the word Jihad (mandate for religion). In this war, Zahiruddin Muhammad banned his soldiers from consuming alcohol. However, Babur’s army fought with full bravery. And Babur won this war. During this war, Babur assumed the title of Ghazi. After this war, Babur decided that he would stay in India permanently.
4.3 Battle of Chanderi 1528 AD
Chanderi is situated on the border of Malwa and Bundelkhand. It was an important trade and political centre. In this war, Babar defeated Medni Rai. And gifted his two daughters to his two sons Humayun and Kamran.
4.4 Battle of Ghaghra 1529 AD
The Battle of Ghaghra was fought by Babar during 1529 AD. In this war, the joint army of Bihar and Afghan was defeated. It was led by Mahmud Lodi. But Babar did not wipe out the Afghans completely. These remaining Afghan soldiers emerged as a threat to Humayun.
5. History
Know about the history of Zahiruddin Muhammad (Babur)
5.1 Arrival of Babar in India
Located at a distance of about 90 kilometers from Delhi, the battle of Panipat was fought on 21 April 1526 AD in Panipat district of Haryana state. And was fought by the first Mughal emperor Zahiruddin Muhammad (Babur). After this war, the future of India was decided to change. As a result, Delhi’s Red Fort, Agra’s Taj Mahal etc. were built in the capital of India. Who were the descendants of the first Mughal emperor. This battle was not fought for the power of Delhi. But to capture India.
When the then ruler of Kabul, Zahiruddin Muhammad, after losing his Fargana and Samarkand kingdoms, was able to capture Kabul with great difficulty. However, Zahiruddin Muhammad kingdom Kabul was not like Babur wanted. Then Zahiruddin Muhammad direction started moving towards India. However, at this time Ibrahim Lodi was sitting on the throne of Delhi.
Meanwhile, under 1523 AD, Zahiruddin Muhammad received an invitation from India to enter. Meanwhile, Babar also considered this time to be appropriate and in 1524 AD, he returned after establishing a fort in Lahore, Punjab. In 1525 AD, Zahiruddin Muhammad started moving towards India. Babar entered when his soldiers crossed the Haru river flowing east of Peshawar on 17 November 1525 AD. It took him 28 days to reach the Indus river from here. Zahiruddin Muhammad crossed the Indus river on 15 December 1525 AD.
Meanwhile, Babar also took stock of his soldiers. He wrote, including the good and the bad. I have an army of 12,000. These soldiers of Babar were moving towards India without any trouble. And were ready to fight Sultan Ibrahim Lodi. Meanwhile, his soldiers crossed the Sutlej river at Rupar. And he reached Ambala. The number of Babar’s soldiers was minimal. But his way of leadership was a little different. They had developed bravery, skill and intelligence. They were adept in artillery, horse riding as well as archery. Meanwhile, after Rupar, Zahiruddin Muhammad reached Sarsava via Shahabad.
Only after moving ahead of Sarsava, he purchased a large number of bullock carts from the nearby villagers. This purchase was an integral part of his strategy. Then Babar reached Panipat towards the south. During this time, encounters continued between Babar and Ibrahim Lodi for many days. Where small attacks were made on many camps etc. by the side and the opposition. Then on 21 April 1526 AD, the battle of Panipat was fought. In which Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodi. And during this time Babar succeeded in entering India.
5.2 Babur’s Ayodhya (Ram Mandir) incident
Babur, who is also called a looter due to many reasons, looted many areas of India. To get the sympathy of the Muslims, he also massacred many Hindus and destroyed many Hindu temples. This included the Ram temple located in Ayodhya. In 1528 AD, during the Bihar campaign, the Mughal army, led by Zahiruddin Muhammad commander Mirbaki, razed Lord Shri Ram’s city Ayodhya to the ground with cannons.
And Babri Masjid was built there. While destroying the Ram temple, about 1,000 Hindus lost their lives. Babar was a Turk. To establish his power, he brutally killed Hindus.
More than 70 conflicts have taken place in India regarding the Ram temple. However, between 30 October and November 1990, bullets were fired twice in Ayodhya during three days. The decade of 1992 is also included. Thousands of Ram devotees, Hindu nationalist mob demolished the Babri Masjid and hoisted the saffron flag there. Meanwhile, riots broke out in the entire Indian subcontinent. After which about 2,000 to 3,000 people were killed.
6. Mughal Empire
The establishment of the Mughal Empire is told by the first Mughal ruler Zahiruddin Muhammad
Babur first established the Mughal Empire in 1526 AD and became the founder of the Mughal Empire. He is considered to be one of the most powerful emperors in the Mughal Empire. The Mughal dynasty is considered to be of great importance in Indian history. Their rule lasted for about 200 years. The last ruler of this rule is Bahadur Shah, who was removed from the throne of Delhi in 1858 AD. (The last ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar surrendered to Major William Hudson of the British East India Company’s army.)
Before Bahadur Shah Zafar. During the 18th century. During the reign of Muhammad Shah in 1719-48. The Mughal Empire started coming to an end. Most of its areas were captured by the Marathas and then the British.
7. Death of Babur
The death of Zahiruddin Muhammad (Babur) is described in
Babur’s tomb is located in Kabul, Afghanistan. Where his grave can be seen in his favorite “Bagh-e-Babur” garden. Due to excessive drinking. On 26 December 1530 AD. Mughal emperor Babur died in Agra. At that time he was only 40 years old. In the initial stages, he was buried in Agra as per his wish. Later he was taken to Kabul Afghanistan by Sher Shah Suri.
According to some historians, Babur died. An unknown disease. Which included suffering from fever for several days. After getting treatment for which. His condition deteriorated. He was 47 years old at the time of his death.
8. Successors
Information about the successors of Zahiruddin Muhammad (Babur) is given
After Babur’s death, Humayun, the eldest son of his most beloved wife Maham Begum, became Babur’s successor. His reign lasted from 1530 BC to 1540 BC i.e. from 1555 BC to 1556 BC. Humayun became the second Mughal ruler of India. Apart from strengthening his empire, he was also a courageous person.
9. other features, also read, frequently asked questions…
Here are the important features related to Zahiruddin Muhammad (Babur)
Babur wrote his autobiography Tuzuk-e-Babur in Turkish. Which was later translated into Persian language by Abdul Rahim Khan Khana. Which is Baburnama.
The main reason for Babur’s success in India was his artillery. The responsibility of taking care of Babur’s artillery was in the hands of two Turkish officers named Ustad Ali and Mustafa.
After the victory of Panipat, Babur donated silver skewers named Shahrukh to the people of Kabul.
Under May 1512 AD. Ubaid Ullah Khan defeated Babur in Kul-e-Malik.
Conclusion
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