Biography of Prithviraj Chauhan. And a detailed description of his history. He is counted among the great Rajput kings of history. Study all the statements. Know about him.
1 Basic Biography of Prithviraj Chauhan
Today we will know about the information related to the biography of Prithviraj Chauhan.
History of King Prithviraj Chauhan of Chauhan dynasty. Born in Hindu religion. King Prithviraj of Vatsa gotra. Also known as Rai Pithora, Bharateshwar, Hindu Emperor, Dal Pangul (Vishwajeeta), Sapadalakshashvar and Prithviraj III. He was one of the great Rajput rulers. However, he was very talented since his childhood. His father was Someshwar Chauhan, the king of Ajmer. His mother was Karpudevi. Prithviraj Chauhan was born in their house. His brother was Hariraj Chauhan and son was Govindraj Chauhan.
According to some historians, his birth has been divided into different parts. While in Prithviraj epic, his birth is mentioned on 1 June 1163 in a village named Patan Patang in Gujarat state. According to some historians, he was born in the year 1166. While some have claimed that he was born in the year 1168.
2 Courage, intelligence
Along with the intelligence and skills of Prithviraj Chauhan, we will study his bravery.
Prithviraj Chauhan had 300,000 soldiers along with 300 elephants in his army. Prithviraj Chauhan whose sword weighed 84 kgs and he used to use it with one hand. According to Prithviraj Vijay, he knew six languages which included Sanskrit, Prakrit, Paishachi, Magadhi, Apabhramsha and Shaurasena etc. According to Prithviraj Raso, he was an expert in Mathematics, Medicine, History, Military, Philosophy, Painting, Theology etc. Apart from this, he was also proficient in archery under which he learnt to shoot arrows that pierce words. Prithviraj Chauhan knew the art of conversing with animals and birds.
3 Coronation, throne
A detailed description of the coronation and throne of Prithviraj is given below.
Prithviraj Chauhan’s reign lasted from 1178 AD to 1192 AD, which covered a period of 24 years. He was the ruler of Delhi and Ajmer of Rajasthan, who ascended the throne at the age of 11 after the death of his father. His mother Karpudevi represented the state. Meanwhile, she expanded the state on her own for a few years. At this time, many capable ministers were present in the court to help him. They have been mentioned in the Sanskrit poem Prithviraj Vijay.
These included state ministers Kadambavasa, who were loyal to the king. They played an important role in the initial victories of Prithviraj Chauhan’s rule. Apart from them, another minister named Bhuvanai Kamala also played an important role in the initial stages. However, Bhuvanai Kamala was Karpudevi’s uncle. That is, Bhuvanekmal was appointed as the army chief.
The same Chandravardai was a poet in the court of Prithviraj Chauhan.
4 War, attack
Detailed description of all the wars and attacks that happened during Prithviraj Chauhan’s lifetime.
In 1180, Prithviraj Chauhan took the entire administration in his hands. Meanwhile, many Hindu kings challenged him. One of them was Nagarjuna, who was a close person (Kaka) of Prithviraj Chauhan, who included the fort of Godapur under his control. Godapur is currently known as Gurugram. However, Prithviraj Chauhan laid siege to the Godapur fort and succeeded in conquering it.
After this, Prithviraj Chauhan moved towards Bhadankas, where his siege was in the entire Bayana (Bharatpur) area. Presently, this area is in Bharatpur, Rajasthan. The same Bhadankas which was connected to Delhi, which was included under the Chamana dynasty. However, Prithviraj decided to destroy this kingdom, according to the inscription in Madanpur.
Meanwhile, Prithviraj Chauhan in 1182. He defeated the Chandela king Paramardi. Meanwhile, after their defeat, the Chandelas made a treaty with the Gahadavalas of Kannauj. Now we find the mention of a peace treaty that Prithviraj made with Bhima II, the king of Chalukya of Gujarat. From this, we come to know that there was a war going on between the two kingdoms.
On the other hand, the clash between Prithviraj and the Gahadavalas of Kannauj is considered to be quite famous. We find the mention of this in Prithviraj Vijay, Ain e Akbari and Prithviraj Raso.
4.1 War between Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan
The war between Prithviraj and Mohammad Gauri has been described here.
Mohammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan fought 17 times on the battlefield. Out of these, Mohammad Ghori had to face defeat at the hands of Prithvi Raj 16 times. But every time Mohammad Ghori was forgiven and released. Although Mohammad Ghori won the last battle on the battlefield. But most historians consider 2 wars fought between them as important. Which was fought at a place called Tarain near the fort of Sirhind. Therefore, it is also called the Battle of Tarain.
Under 1189 AD, Mohammad Ghori captured Tabarhind i.e. Bhatinda of Punjab. It used to be the center of Chauhan dynasty. Now Prithviraj moved towards Tabarhind. A war took place between Mohammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan at a place called Tarain. It is also called the First Battle of Tarain. In this war, the Tarki soldiers had to face a terrible defeat by the Rajputs. However, in this war, Mohammad Gauri also gets badly injured. Khilji’s soldiers take him with them and run away to Ghazni. Now Mohammad Gauri gets furious due to this defeat at the hands of Rajputs. And he makes strong preparations to take revenge again.
4.2 Muhammad Ghori returned to India again in 1191
After his defeat in the Battle of Tarain, Ghori returned to India in 1191 AD to take revenge on Prithviraj. Which is described here.
In 1191 AD, Mohammad Gauri again marches towards India. But this time Mohammad Gauri comes with an army of 1,20,000 horsemen. And he thinks of taking revenge from Prithvi Raj by any means. Again this war was fought in Tarain itself. In which Gauri divides 10000 archers into 4 groups. And these archers classified in four groups attack Prithvi Raj’s army.
However, these archers do not go near the Rajput soldiers. They think of injuring them in serious conditions from a distance. But apart from the archers, Mohammad Gauri keeps his remaining army hidden. When this army of Rajputs was tired after fighting the whole day, then Mohammad Gauri’s remaining army attacks them in such a deadly way, due to which the Rajputs have to face defeat.
However, we are also told the reason for Prithvi Raj’s defeat in this war. This includes Jaichand’s meeting with Mohammad Gauri. The reason for this was the enmity between Prithvi Raj and Jaichand since Prithvi Raj had married Jaichand’s daughter.
5 Marriage
Details of all the marriages that happened during Prithvi Raj Chauhan’s lifetime.
The ruler of Gahadwala dynasty of Kannauj was named Jaichand and his daughter was named Sanyogita. Jaichand was a very powerful king and wanted to establish his supremacy over other Rajput kings. That is why he decided to perform Rajsuya Yajna. Rajsuya Yajna was a Vedic ritual by which a king would declare himself as Chakravartan Samrat. However, Prithviraj Chauhan rejected Jaichand’s policy.
On the other hand, Jaichand’s daughter Sanyogita was impressed by hearing the stories of Prithviraj Chauhan and fell in love with him. But the love between these two started when a painter named Panna Rai reached Kannauj from Prithviraj’s palace and showed Prithviraj’s painting to Queen Sanyogita. Prithviraj was also shown a picture of Queen Sanyogita from Kannauj. Prithviraj Chauhan was also impressed by the beauty of Queen Sanyogita’s picture.
But a time came when such a thing happened. When Jaichand himself decides to marry Sanyogita. And on this auspicious occasion all the kings, big and small, are present. Except Prithviraj Chauhan. Where Jaichand installs Prithviraj’s statue on the gate. However, Sanyogita writes a letter to Prithvi Raj saying that she will marry only him. Prithviraj also promises her that he will be present there on the day of Swayamvar.
In the meantime, Prithvi Raj arrives there. And Princess Sanyogita puts the garland around his neck. And Prithvi Raj Chauhan takes her away from there. Due to this, Jaichand has to face humiliation in front of everyone. And he gets angry and thinks of taking revenge from Prithvi Raj. This was the love and marriage between Prithviraj Chauhan and Sanyogita. However, Sanyogita is also called by names like Tilottama, Kantimati, Sanjukta etc.
However, Prithviraj Chauhan married a total of 13 times in his lifetime. The names of all his wives are as follows. Yadavi Padmavati, Pudirani, Jambhavati Padihari, Gujari, Panwari Ichhani, Jalandhari Indravati, Dahia, Yadavi, Shashivrata, Kachwaha, Badgujari, Sanyogita Gahadwala etc were his wives.
6 Death
The death of Prithviraj Chauhan is mentioned below.
After his defeat in the battle of Tarain, Prithviraj refuses to bow his head in front of Mohammad Gauri. Then Gauri’s soldiers put hot iron rods in Prithviraj’s eyes. And due to this he becomes blind. Then seeing his king blind, Chand Bardai announces an archery program in front of Gauri. On the other hand, Prithviraj was skilled in shooting arrows with sound. Gauri thought how would a blind Prithviraj be able to shoot.
Then Chand Bardai tells his king Prithviraj the correct target of archery through a couplet. This couplet was, “Chaar Bans Chaubis Gaj, Angul Ashta Praman Ta Upar Sultan Hai, Mat Choo Chauhan”. When Prithviraj Chauhan gets the order to shoot an arrow from Gauri, then according to Bardai’s couplet, he shoots the arrow. However, the same arrow hits Mohammad Gauri directly. Due to which Gauri immediately falls down from the throne. Meanwhile, Chand Bardai and Prithviraj Chauhan stab each other with daggers as they did not want to be insulted by Mohammed Gauri’s soldiers. Prithviraj Chauhan died in 1192 AD. The grave of Mohammed Gauri is in present-day Afghanistan. Prithviraj Chauhan’s tomb is also there.
We get to see different mentions of Prithviraj’s death by many historians. In which after being defeated by Mohammed Gauri, he was martyred within a few days. Merutunga writes in his book “Prabandh Chinta Mani” that after seeing the painting in the Chahamana Gallery, Gauri ordered to behead Prithviraj.
His death has been mentioned in Prithviraj Prabandh that after being defeated by Gori, he is imprisoned in a room in the building in the royal court. From there, Prithviraj prepares a secret strategy to kill Gauri. And gets arrows etc. from his minister Pratap Sinha. He issues a request to get them. However, this minister informs Gori about the arrows (weapons) etc. After which Gori throws him in a pit. After which he is martyred by pelting stones at him.
7 Features, Related Information, Read Also…
Here, important information, characteristics etc. related to Prithvi Raj have been described in detail. Which is similar to him.
Hariraj Chauhan who became the successor of Prithviraj Chauhan. But it is also said that after the death of Prithviraj, the Goris appointed his son Govindraj as the king on the throne of Ajmer.
It is said that in the last battle of Tarain, if Jaichand had not supported Mohammad Gauri, then perhaps the Mughals would not have come to India.
Nakul, who is considered to be the descendant of Prithvi Raj Chauhan.
Born on 17 May 1976 AD in Roorkee, Uttarakhand. Sher Singh Rana kept the ashes of the last Hindu emperor Prithviraj in Ghazni, Afghanistan. He brought the ashes to India. During the murder of Phoolan Devi by Sher Singh Rana, he was imprisoned in Tihar Jail.
Prithvi Raj’s horse was named Natyarambha.
Prithviraj’s memorial was built under 1978 AD. It was given the status of a national monument.
The Chamunda Mata temple in Ajmer was built by Prithvi Raj Chauhan III. And this Chamunda Mata was his worshipped goddess.
Prithviraj established the Art and Literature Department in Ajmer.
A postage stamp was issued under Prithvi Raj on 31 December 2000.
Kings of Ranthambore Fort Hammir Dev, Govindraj etc. were descendants of Prithviraj Chauhan.
Conclusion
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